石斛种植工艺及其机械化生产技术体系探讨

石斛是传统名贵中药材,具有很高的药用价值,在此介绍了石斛的特性、云南石斛的种植概况、种植特点及工艺流程,根据石斛的种植工艺特性,分析了目前石斛种植存在的问题,针对石斛规模化和标准化发展的趋势,提出了石斛机械化生产的建议.     

高良姜叶枯病病原菌的分离和鉴定

[目的]明确高良姜叶枯病病原菌.[方法]病原菌从高良姜感病组织上分离并依据柯赫氏法则进行致病性测定,病原菌的鉴定主要通过形态鉴定和ITS序列分析.[结果]高良姜叶枯病病原菌确定为可可毛色二孢（Lasiodiplodia theobromae）,属子囊菌门（Ascomycota）,座囊菌纲（Dothideomycetes）,葡萄座腔菌目（Botryosphaeriales）,葡萄座腔菌科（Botryosphaeriaceae）,毛色二孢属（Lasiodiplodia）.[结论]首次报道高良姜叶枯病病原菌为可可毛色二孢.     

虎纹凤梨的组培快繁技术

用虎纹凤梨母株两侧的蘖芽经消毒处理后接种到MS＋6-BA 1.0 mg/L＋IAA 0.3 mg/L的培养基中,诱导出愈伤组织。而后用改良MS培养基＋6-BA 0.3 mg/L＋NAA 0.01 mg/L从愈伤中诱导出小芽并继代培养,扩繁。增殖率3.0～4.0倍。续代3～5代后从芽团上选取H＞2.5 cm的粗壮单株仍用改良MS培养基＋6-BA 0.3 mg/L＋NAA 0.01 mg/L扩繁,增殖倍数2～3倍。而芽团上H＜2.5 cm的丛芽分成具2～3个芽的小芽团用改良MS培养基＋6-BA 0.05 mg/L＋IAA 0.01 mg/L＋C 100 mg/L使其长高长粗壮,增殖倍数1.5倍,经过一段时间的培养后切取达到生根标准的单株接到1/4 MS＋IAA 0.3 mg/L＋NAA 0.05 mg/L＋C 500 mg/L培养基中,30～40 d生根率达95%以上。炼苗20 d左右移栽,成活率达85%～90%以上。     

果园间套种食用菌栽培技术

总结了果园间套种食用菌的栽培技术,主要包括木耳、金福菇、姬菇等,以供参考。     

1株链霉菌BCG36的鉴定及抗菌活性研究

对分离自广西北海红树林根际土壤中的l株放线菌BCG36进行抗菌活性及生理生化特性的研究,并对其进行16S rDNA序列分析.结果显示:放线菌BCG36革兰氏染色呈阳性;有淀粉酶、纤维素酶、脂肪酶活性;牛奶先凝固后冻化,可使硝酸盐还原,不产硫化氢,不产黑色素,不使明胶液化;对大肠埃希菌、普通变形杆菌、乙型溶血性链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和白假丝酵母菌均有较好的抑制作用.16SrDNA测序后比对显示,放线菌BCG36菌株属于链霉菌属(Streptomyces).     

不同移栽期烤烟化学成分与香味成分的相关性和主成分分析

为了探讨气候资源配置差异,解决生产后期不利因素制约烟叶成熟、影响烟叶品质的问题,通过适度提前移栽并对不同移栽期烤后烟叶化学成分、香味成分、外观及评吸等54项指标间相关性及主成分分析,发现甜度、糠醛、糠醇、巨豆三烯酮1、巨豆三烯酮4和叶片生长期有效积温均值等6个指标与其余指标间表现出高度的相关性。3月10日移栽烟叶的上部叶色度最好,总氮较高且总糖最低,同时中部叶的甜度最高且苯乙醇含量最低,能较好地符合皖南优质烟质量评价指标体系,生产上可以探索适度提前移栽获得较好中部叶和上部叶的配套栽培措施。     

南京地区西瓜秋延迟栽培技术研究

为延长西瓜供应时间,实现反季节上市,提高大棚利用率,研究了南京地区西瓜秋延迟栽培技术。结果表明:‘早佳8424’和‘小兰’为最适宜南京地区秋延迟栽培的中型和小型西瓜品种;采用地爬式栽培,西瓜单果重,商品性好,投资较小;采用吊蔓栽培,栽培密度大,西瓜亩产高;种苗8月上旬定植,生长期避开高温,利于高产增收。     

低温发酵乳品质特性研究

以青藏高原传统发酵牦牛乳中分离的保加利亚乳杆菌（编号为CGMCC2603）和酸乳球菌（编号为CGMCC1.3920）为研究对象，研究菌株低温发酵酸乳的感官特性、后酸化能力、粘度及双乙酰含量变化。结果表明试验菌株在25℃发酵的酸乳凝乳状态较好，冷藏14d后酸度分别提高29．2°T和8．5°T，后酸化较弱。冷藏期间粘度变化与发酵温度没有直接关系。低温有利于双乙酰的积累，双乙酰含量最高分别为12．04ug／mL和9．78ug／mL。本研究时开发低温发酵剂具有重要意义。     

Differential Expression Analysis of MUC4 and MUC13 Genes Between Resistant and Sensitive Weaned Meishan Piglets to ETEC F18

MUC4 and MUC13 genes as important candidate genes for enterotoxigenic Escherichia coil (ETEC) F4 resistance,may play an important role in the process of against ETEC F18 infection in weaned piglets. In this study,ETEC F18-resistant and -sensitive weaned Meishan piglets were used,and the expression levels of MUC4 and MUC13 genes in 11 tissues (heart,liver,spleen,lung,kidney,stomach,muscle,thymus,lymph nodes,duodenum and jejunum) were determined by quantitative Real-time PCR. The results showed that MUC4 and MUC13 genes were broadly expressed with different expression levels in all the 11 tissues. In the thymus and lymph tissues,the expression of MUC4 gene in resistant piglets was significantly higher than that in sensitive piglets (P<0.05);In the lung tissue,theMUC13 gene expression level in resistant individuals was significantly higher than that in sensitive individuals (P<0.05),and in the intestinal tissues of duodenum and jejunum, the expression level of MUC13 gene was relatively higher in resistant individuals. Thus we speculated that the high expression of MUC4 gene in immune tissues and MUC13 gene in intestinal tissues might improve the immune ability of piglets,protect and lubricate the intestinal tract, and resist ETEC F18 infection.     

Amplification,Sequence Analysis and Tissue Expression Detection of FUT2 Gene Coding Regions of Dongchuan Pigs

Porcine alpha (1,2) fucosyltransferase (FUT2) gene was importance in glycosphingolipid biosynthesis-globo series, potentially played a regulatory role during Escherichia coli (E. coli) F18 infection process in weaned piglets. In order to explore sequence structure of porcine FUT2 gene and its biological function, this test amplified FUT2 gene CDS sequence of Dongchuan pigs by PCR, forecasted and analyzed the protein sequences and functional regions of FUT2 gene, its expression level was detected in 11 tissues of 8 Dongchuan weaned piglets in 35 days old at the meantime. The results showed that the CDS sequence of FUT2 gene was 1 023 bp, which encoded 340 amino acids. FUT2 protein was fat-soluble hydrophilic protein, which the structure was not stable, including a transmembrane helix structure, but without signal peptide that suggested the FUT2 protein was a membrane protein;FUT2 protein included 2 N-glycosylation sites (No. 185 and No. 305 amino acids), without O-glycosylation sites, there were 14 potential phosphorylation sites, included 6 Ser, 2 Thr and 6 Tyr, analyzing the functional regions found that the FUT2 protein had a superfamily of conserved domains:FUT1-FUT2-like (58-319 amino acids). The phylogenetic tree result showed that the relative relationship between swine and cattle was relatively close, but was distant from chimpanzee, human, mouse and rat. FUT2 gene was expressed in all 11 tissues of Dongchuan weaned piglets, there were higher expression in digestive tract and immune tissues. The present results suggested that FUT2 gene might play a role to resistance to E. coli F18 in weaned piglets, and might indirectly against E. coli F18 through the synthesis of fucosyltransferase.